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GREEN HYDROGEN COST REDUCTION 2020 Target 2050 R&D focus Lifetime (stack) Nominal current density 60 000 hours 1 MW 10 000-30 000 cm2 < 50 minutes USD 270/kW USD 500-1 000/kW 0.2-2 A/cm2 1.4-2.0 V 40-60°C < 35 bar 5%-100% 99.9%-99.999% 52%-67% 51.5-66 kWh/Kg H2 57-69 kWh/Kg H2 > 5 000 hours 2.5 kW < 300 cm2 < 20 minutes Unknown Unknown 0.3-1 A/cm2 1.0-1.5 V 700-850°C 1 bar 30%-125% 99.9% 75%-85 % 35-50 kWh/Kg H2 40-50 kWh/Kg H2 < 20 000 hours 5 kW 200 cm2 > 600 minutes > USD 2 000/kW Unknown 100 000 hours 10 MW 30 000 cm2 < 30 minutes < USD 100/kW < USD 200/kW > 2 A/cm2 <2 V 80°C > 70 bar 5%-200% > 99.9999% > 75% < 42 kWh/Kg H2 < 45 kWh/Kg H2 100 000 hours 2 MW 1 000 cm2 < 5 minutes < USD 100/kW < USD 200/kW > 2 A/cm2 < 1.48 V < 600°C > 20 bar 0%-200% > 99.9999% > 85% < 35 kWh/Kg H2 < 40 kWh/Kg H2 80 000 hours 200 kW 500 cm2 < 300 minutes < USD 200/kW < USD 300/kW Electrodes Electrodes Electrodes Insulation (design) Electrodes Balance of plant Membrane, reconversion catalysts Catalyst Effect on durability Membrane Membrane Membrane Catalysts Catalysts/membrane Balance of plant Membrane, electrodes MEA MEA Insulation (design) MEA Rectifier Electrolyte, electrodes Catalysts Electrolyte Electrolyte, electrodes Electrolyte, electrodes Electrolyte, electrodes Catalysts Electrolyte, electrodes Balance of plant All All All Insulation (design) Electrolyte, electrodes All Stack unit size Electrode area Cold start (to nominal load) Capital costs (stack) minimum 1 MW Capital costs (system) minimum 10 MW AEM electrolysers Voltage range (limits) Operating temperature Cell pressure Load range H2 purity Voltage efficiency (LHV) Electrical efficiency (stack) Electrical efficiency (system) Lifetime (stack) Stack unit size Electrode area Cold start (to nominal load) Capital costs (stack) minimum 1 MW Capital costs (system) minimum 10 MW Solid oxide electrolysers Nominal current density Voltage range (limits) Operating temperature Cell pressure Load range H2 purity Voltage efficiency (LHV) Electrical efficiency (stack) Electrical efficiency (system) Lifetime (stack) Stack unit size Electrode area Cold start (to nominal load) Capital costs (stack) minimum 1 MW Capital costs (system) minimum 1 MW 66 Based on IRENA analysis.PDF Image | GREEN HYDROGEN SCALING UP ELECTROLYSERS
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