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Several strategies to address these issues can be found in the industrial zinc electrodepostion from sulfuric acid, although the deposit thickness in these processes is generally much thinner and the range of current density is lower (<20 mA cm–2) than required in a RFB. As shown in Table 4, numerous electrolyte additives have been considered for electroplating and electrowinning to control the deposit morphology and decrease H2 evolution in acid media: 2H+ +2e– → H2(g) (7) For instance, glue [103] and gum Arabic [137] are additives of natural origin that have been used for decades in Zn electrowinning from sulfuric acid. As seen in Table 3, Tripathy et al. systematically analysed the effect of various types of surfactants on the electrodeposition of Zn. Other additives suggested in the literature include diverse organics, some highly-stable perfluorinated compounds and inorganic ions. All of these additives have been reported to suppress parasitic H2 evolution and enable control of Zn morphology. In the case of Zn corrosion in methanesulfonic acid media, tetrabutylammonium ions and butyltriphenylphosphonium ions have shown effectiveness for the inhibition of H2 evolution [146]. However, the effect was limited to a few hours, indicating the need for inhibitors able to remain in the battery electrolyte for long periods of time. Inorganic ions, such as Bi3+, may be more suitable. 3.2 The cerium positive electrode Early information on the Ce(IV)/Ce(III) redox couple in methanesulfonic acid has been the result of developments in the anodic generation of Ce(IV) ion oxidants for mediated electrosynthesis; the anodic Ce(III) oxidation at Pt/Ti mesh electrode has proven reliable in 23PDF Image | hybrid redox flow batteries with zinc negative electrodes
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