hybrid redox flow batteries with zinc negative electrodes

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hybrid redox flow batteries with zinc negative electrodes ( hybrid-redox-flow-batteries-with-zinc-negative-electrodes )

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between 10 and 40 mA cm–2. Some of the challenges experienced by the system were the cross-over of electrolyte and the effect of shunt currents on Zn plating in the opposite extremes of the stacks. The initial coulombic and voltage efficiencies of the battery were 82% and 34%, but decreased over 2,000 cycles. A more complex Zn-air battery coupled to propanoic acid electrosynthesis as a mean of regeneration has also been proposed [229]. The flow reactor comprises three flow channels separated by two ion exchange membranes. For the battery configuration, the conventional air electrode is used along a cadmium-coated nickel negative electrode. The positive half-cell for the electrosynthesis configuration is provided with a sintered nickel electrode for the oxidation of propanol in an alkaline media. The battery is capable of discharge at 20 mA cm– 2, achieving a coulombic efficiency of 97% and an overall energy efficiency of 59%. Such a system has the disadvantage of a more complex cell design impeding the easy construction of stacks of multiple cells. 4.4 Prospects for zinc-air redox flow batteries A number of design challenges must be overcome before the Zn-air RFB is developed into a commercial device. Mainly, the control of deposit morphology and shape change at the negative electrode as well as the efficiency loss due to H2. The low stability displayed so far by most bifunctional catalysts for the positive electrode reaction needs to be addressed, as it is critical for the service lifetime of the battery. A fundamental understanding of the action mechanism of electrolyte additives on the dendritic growth could lead to tailored compositions for this particular system [184]. 39

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hybrid redox flow batteries with zinc negative electrodes

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