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8. Conclusions Zn-based RFBs offer many opportunities for development. They provide high cell potentials using an abundant, low cost negative electrode material. In general, the phase change that takes place during charge can create problems during scale-up but it is expected that tailored cell design and control of deposit morphology by electrolyte additives will extend reliability and cycling life. The mature Zn-Br2 system has proven the reliability of this concept, becoming a fully demonstrated commercial device with increasing implementation. Other systems such as Zn-Ce and Zn-Ni are in earlier stages of development. Zn-Ce cells can yield a high cell potential, but cost-effective positive electrodes are yet to be implemented. Non- divided Zn-Ni RFBs appear to have several advantages and are currently developed by several companies due to its potential scalability, although several research needs have been identified. Zn-air batteries offer the challenge of attaining high energy density by harvesting atmospheric O2 and progress need to be made on finding cost-effective, more efficient catalysts, but has faced several scale-up complications. A number of new battery concepts have been recently proposed, but attention should be given to technological practicality, safety, capital and running costs, simplicity and lifetime. Some general features can be highlighted regarding Zn negative RFB studies: 1. The benefits of a very negative electrode potential and limitations due to shape changes, shunt currents and corrosion of the zinc electrode in secondary flow cells for energy storage, have been highlighted. 2. Diverse cell chemistry is evidenced by examples of acid (Zn-Ce) and alkaline (Zn-air, Zn- Ni) zinc electrolytes. 58PDF Image | hybrid redox flow batteries with zinc negative electrodes
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