hybrid redox flow batteries with zinc negative electrodes

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hybrid redox flow batteries with zinc negative electrodes ( hybrid-redox-flow-batteries-with-zinc-negative-electrodes )

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3. Cells divided by an ion exchange membrane (Zn-Ce), microporous separators (Zn-Br2) and undivided, single flow circuit (Zn-Ni) cells are illustrated. 4. The positive electrode reaction can involve a bifunctional oxygen gas diffusion electrode (Zn-air cell), a redox reaction if a soluble species at an inert electrode (Zn-Ce cell) or formation/disappearance of surface oxides on the electrodes (Zn-Ni cell). 5. Performance and lifetime limitations arise due to corrosion of zinc deposits (particularly in acid media), leading to the need for suitable electrolyte additives to moderate corrosion rates. 6. Abundant relevant experience can be found in work related to Zn-based static batteries, industrial Zn plating and recovery, engineering of electrochemical reactors and some out- dated RFB systems. 9. Topics requiring further research The continued development of zinc negative electrode RFBs and their successful commercial implementation requires critical attention to several aspects. 1. Cell engineering, including computational modelling of performance and characterisation of reaction environment to improve performance, lifetime and acceptability on a larger, e.g., grid scale. 2. Experience of scale-up and process operation on the large-scale, following the fundamental principles of electrochemical engineering. 3. Improved, low-cost separators/membranes and cell manufacture for higher performance and longevity with reduced capital and running costs. 59

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hybrid redox flow batteries with zinc negative electrodes

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