ISRU Challenge Production of O2 and Fuel from CO2

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4.2 Fundamental Electrochemistry and Materials Technology 23 Figure 4.4: A semiconductor PEC system for the CO2 splitting. Adapted from Breedlove et al. (2001). organic solvents and ionic liquids. The majority of the non-aqueous CO2 electrochemistry work described in the literature is performed in acetonitrile solvent at 25◦C and 1 bar CO2 pressure. This may not be ideal for a broad range of operation on Mars, as acetonitrile freezes at –44◦C and does not dissolve significant quantities of CO2 or metal carbonate species (Fogg, 1992). In contrast, certain ionic liquids are known that have a much wider liquid range, could offer solubility for metal carbonates, and may also dissolve CO2 to a greater extent (Zhang et al., 2009; Lei et al., 2014; Seo et al., 2014). However, these materials are much more viscous than organic solvents, so it is likely that a mixture of ionic liquids and organic solvents would be required to offer the full range of desirable electrolyte properties: i) wide liquid range (down to the lower limit of Mars operating temperatures); ii) wide voltage window (suitable for both cathode and anode processes); iii) low viscosity to enable reasonable electrode kinetics under operating conditions and iv) solubility for reactant species (CO2, CO32-). Table 4.1 identifies suitable materials for investigation in this context: 4.2.4 Membrane: Porous Material for Carbonate Transport Membranes have several potential applications in water-free CO2 reduction systems. Anion- conducting, gas-blocking membranes are needed as separators of the anode and cathode com-

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