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24 Chapter 4. Non-Aqueous PEC System Viscosity Solvent Melting Boiling (25 ◦C) / point / ◦C point / ◦C cp Voltage window (est.) Estimated potential for CO2 and CO32- solubility Acetonitrile -44 81 0.3 6.3 Poor Tetrahydrofuran -108 66 0.5 5.3 Poor Dichloromethane -97 40 0.4 5.0 Very Poor Methyl acetate -98 57 0.4 5.1 Poor Dimethylformamide -60 152 0.9 5.5 Poor Nitromethane -90 115 0.7 4.2 Poor Diethyl carbonate -74 127 0.7 6.7 Very Poor Tetrahydrothiophene -96 119 0.6 7.0 Poor [BMIM][BF4 ] -82 n/a 120 4.7 Good [DPPOIM][PF6 ] -93 n/a 200 4.7 Good [N444H][(CF3 CO)2 CH] -92 n/a 20 4.0 Good Table 4.1: Organic solvents and ionic liquids with promise as non-aqueous solvents for low- temperature CO2 and CO32- electrochemistry. partments in devices with liquid electrolytes. Anion-conducting, gas-permeable membranes are needed to host catalysts in gas-diffusion electrode (GDE) configurations. Although membranes are an energy-efficient means of separating gas mixtures, CO and O2 are too similar in their properties for membranes to be useful in this application, particularly because allowable levels are about 1 ppm in room temperature air. Current technology for removal of CO from gas streams is mature and involves catalytic oxidation (Twigg, 2007). Although physically different because of their applications, anion-conducting membranes must have the conductivity and gas permeability/blocking properties required for their applications. They must be compatible with the non-aqueous electrolyte, catalyst (for GDEs), and gaseous products, as well as electrochemical processes. The properties of the membranes must be stable in use for at least 4–6 years over the temperature range experienced in the Martian environment. They must be mechanically robust to space travel and ground transport on the Mars surface. A high TRL level is necessary for near-term testing and deployment. There are currently no known commercially available anion-conducting membranes that have been evaluated under conditions expected for non-aqueous CO2 reduction systems (Varcoe et al., 2014). R&D is needed to identifyPDF Image | ISRU Challenge Production of O2 and Fuel from CO2
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