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4 THE MANUFACTURE OF CHEMICALS BY ELECTROLYSIS through the motor generator employed, making a total of 720,000 K.W.EL per year. If the gases are to be com- pressed, 300 1b. per sq. inch for hydrogen will necessitate aboutT5KW.H.perhour,thatis,1*5x24x300= 10,800 K W . H . per year. *The oxygen is usually compressed to 1800 lb. per sq. inch, and this will require 4.5 K W . H per hour, that is, 4*5 x 24 x 300 = 32,400 KW.H. per year. The total energy required will be 720,000 + 10,800 + 32,400 = 763,200 K.W.H. per year in the production of 4,500,000 cubic feet of hydrogen and 2,250,000 cubic feet of oxygen. At the rate of 0'5d. per B.O.T. unit the cost of energy per annum will be about £1600. The first plant devised for supplying oxygen was that of D'Arsonval, of the Eoyal College of France (1885), who employed a 30 per cent, solution of potash as electrolyte. A perforated iron cylinder enclosed in a sack of wool or cotton served as anode, whilst a similar iron cylinder was made the cathode. The apparatus gave about 150 litres of oxygen per day. 1 Latchinoff, of Petrograd (1888), devised the first ap- paratus for collecting both gases under pressure, and he was also the first to utilise bipolar electrodes. In his earlier forms of apparatus, he employed an alkaline electrolyte and iron electrodes, or 15 per cent, sulphuric acid with carbon cathodes and lead anodes, but in im- proved large-scale plant he used only alkaline solutions in an iron tank which contained a number of bi-polar 1 EleJctrochem. Zeitsch., 1894,1,108; D.E.P. 51998(1888).PDF Image | MANUFACTURE OF CHEMICALS BY ELECTROLYSIS
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