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10 THE MANUFACTUEE OP CHEMICALS BY ELECTROLYSIS 6"2 to 6*8 H.P. hours of energy costing 3-3'5d. With an alkaline electrolyte and iron electrodes the cost is even lower. The generated oxygen has a purity of 99 per cent, and the hydrogen 97*5-98 per cent. PBOCESS OF GABUTI. The plant invented by Garuti and Pompili in 1893 is a well-known type in which iron electrodes are employed with alkaline electrolyte. Anodes and cathodes are connected in parallel, and the diaphragms separating the electrodes from each other are iron sheets perforated near the lower edge. The successful working of this arrangement depends on the fact, first 1 ascertained by Del Proposto, that if the voltage between the electrodes is not above 3 volts, the iron diaphragm between them does not become bipolar, and hence no gas is evolved on its surface. 2 In the cells constructed by Garuti and Pompili prior to 1899 lead electrodes were employed, and the electrolyte was sulphuric acid solution which was contained in a lead- lined wooden tank, but this was abandoned ultimately for iron construction and an alkaline electrolyte. The outer case and electrode system are made of iron. In Fig. 5 a longitudinal vertical section is shown, in which B represents the iron casing holding the electrodes and diaphragms. The spaces H and 0 are bells in which the hydrogen and oxygen respectively collect before rising 1 fl l Bull, deVAssoc.tiesIngen.Electr., 1900,11,305. L Industrie Medrochimique, 1899,11,113; Bng. Pats. 16588 (1892), 23668 (189G), 12950 (1900), 2820 (1902), 27249 (1903).PDF Image | MANUFACTURE OF CHEMICALS BY ELECTROLYSIS
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