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12 THE MANUFACTURE OF CHEMICALS BY ELECTKOLYSIS Electrodes and diaphragms are kept in position by a wooden frame-work. The purity of the generated hydrogen is 98*9 per cent, and that of the oxygen 97 per cent. On an average the consumption of energy is 417 K W . E per cubic metre of mixed gases, and a current output of 96 per cent, is attained with an energy efficiency of 57 per cent. T h e energy expended in generating 3 cubic metres of the mixed gases in any ordinary plant is, on an average, 13-5 KW.H. The cost of a 100 H.P. Garuti plant comprising 50 cells, each using about 400 amps., together with two gasometers, is about £3000, and this price is increased to £4000 if plant Is required for compressing the gases. Following are particulars of a Garuti plant operated by the Soci6t6 l'Oxyhydrique at Brussels, according to Wins- 2 singer : Each amp.-hour gives 0*4 litre of hydrogen and 0*2 litre of oxygen. A plant taking 350 amps, at a pressure of 2*5 volts gave 3'36 cubic metres of hydrogen and 1*68 cubic metres of oxygen per 24 hours, requiring a daily expenditure of 21,000 watt-hours or an average of 4166 watt-hours per cubic metre of mixed gases. This agrees with a current efficiency of 96 per cent, and an energy efficiency of 57 per cent. An account of a Garuti plant used at Eome, by the air- ship branch of the Italian army, for generating hydrogen is given in the Jahrbuch der Elektrochemie, 1901, 7, 336. In 1902 Garuti introduced an improvement in the dia- 3 Chein.ZeiL, 1898, 22,609.PDF Image | MANUFACTURE OF CHEMICALS BY ELECTROLYSIS
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