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18 THE MANUTACTUKE OF CHEMICALS BY ELECTBOttfSlS occasionally because its acidity becomes steadily neutralised by the alkali formed at the cathode during electrolysis. It is also necessary to keep the ammonia content of the anode liquor constant by continual addition of ammonium hydroxide. 1 Later, in 1895, Elbs and Schonherr studied the forma- tion of persulphuric acid itself. They found that when the density of the acid employed is less than 1*20 very little persulphuric acid is obtained by electrolysis. In- creasing the acid content above this value leads to an in- creased yield of persulphuric acid, and the maximum # quantity is obtained when acid of density l'85-l 50 is used. The harmful influence of acid above this strength is probably due to the following causes: Concentrated acid is a bad electrical conductor, and the heat developed by the current in passing through such an electrolyte causes partial destruction of the persulphuric acid; the persulphuric acid formed at the anode is not free to move rapidly from the anode and is partially decomposed there. Elbs emphasised the importance of maintaining a low 3 temperature to avoid decomposition. Marshall showed in 1897 the necessity for employing a high current density at the anode and keeping the solution cold. Presumably, the hi^h current density increases the chances of two (HS04) or (KSOJ ions uniting. 3 Miiller and Friedberger then prepared persulphates in l Zeitsch. Elektmehm., 1895,1, 417, 468. 2 J". Soc. Ohm. Int., 1897,16, 396. *Zeitsch. Elektrochem., 1902,8,230.PDF Image | MANUFACTURE OF CHEMICALS BY ELECTROLYSIS
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