MANUFACTURE OF CHEMICALS BY ELECTROLYSIS

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MANUFACTURE OF CHEMICALS BY ELECTROLYSIS ( manufacture-chemicals-by-electrolysis )

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PRODUCTION OF PER-SALTS AND HYDROGEN PEROXIDE 21 electrolytic persulphuric acid by distillation under reduced 1 pressure, or an alkaline persulphate solution is treated with sulphuric acid, and the solution distilled under re- duced pressure. 2 A solution containing 10-30 per cent, of hydrogen peroxide can be produced by this means. 3 A recent patent specifies the following conditions: Ammonium hydrogen sulphate solution is electrolysed at a temperature of 7° 0. with a platinum anode and a lead cathode. If the temperature is allowed to rise above 15°, evolution of oxygen takes place and the yield of persulphate is diminished; on the other hand, a temperature below 7° C. causes increased resistance in the electrolyte without any compensating advantage as regards yield. The per- sulphate solution is then heated in an autoclave at 130-140° C. under a pressure of 100 lb. per sq. inch, and decomposition ensues according to the equation :— (NH4)2S2O8 + 2H2O = (NH4)2SO4 + H2SO4 + H2O2. The temperature is then lowered to 65° 0., and by suffici- ently lowering the pressure a solution of hydrogen per- oxide distils. It is necessary to conduct the distillation in an atmosphere of nitrogen. Another process for preparing hydrogen peroxide directly from dilute sulphuric acid is the subject of two 4 patents. inside steel cylinders, each of which is lined with a suitable cathode material, e.g. silver amalgam or copper amalgam. P. 199958, 217538, 217539 (1908). Eng. Pats. 23158, 23660 (1910). »U.S. Pat. 1195560 (1916). 4 Eng. Pats.10476 (1913); 22714:(1914). 3 Electrolysis is conducted under high pressure

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