MANUFACTURE OF CHEMICALS BY ELECTROLYSIS

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MANUFACTURE OF CHEMICALS BY ELECTROLYSIS ( manufacture-chemicals-by-electrolysis )

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PKODUCTIOST OF PER-SALTS AND HYDEOGEN PEBOXIDE 23 2 density is 1-2 amps, per dm. the product contains only 30-50 per cent of percarbonate, but with 30-60 amps, per 2 dm. the amount rises to 85-95 per cent. K3C2O6. The best result is obtained by running slowly a saturated solu- tion of carbonate into the bottom of the anode compart- ment, and allowing the less dense solution in which the percarbonate is suspended to flow out at the top of the Gell. A yield of 2*2-2*4 grams per amp.-hour is obtained of 87-93 per cent, percarbonate. As the solubility of am- monium and sodium carbonates is very small at low temperatures it is not possible to work successfully with these salts, but rubidium carbonate 'gives satisfactory results. Potassium percarbonate should be dried by draining on porous earthenware, and then exposing to warm dry air. The crude salt can be purified from carbonate by digestion with potassium hydroxide solution at about - 5° 0., and if it be washed subsequently with alcohol to remove adherent potash, the purity reaches 95-99 per cent. SODIUM PEBBOBATE has been for some time in use mixed with soap, borax, alkali, etc., and is sold for laundry work under such names as Persil, Clarax, and Ozonite. It possesses detergent and bleaching properties. Since 1914 the salt NaBO3, 4H2O has been produced by electrolysis, and many recent patents deal with this process. Formerly, the only means available for preparation was that of mix- ing borax with hydrogen peroxide. A suitable solution for preparing the salt is made up of 45 grams of borax and 120 grams of sodium carbonate per

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