MANUFACTURE OF CHEMICALS BY ELECTROLYSIS

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MANUFACTURE OF CHEMICALS BY ELECTROLYSIS ( manufacture-chemicals-by-electrolysis )

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24 THE MANUFACTURE OF CHEMICALS BY ELECTEOLYSIS litre. With a platinum gauze anode and a water-cooled cathode at 18° 0. a good yield of crystalline perborate can be 1 obtained, and the loss due to cathodic reduction is small. If an alkali chromate and turkey red oil be added to the electrolyte, the cathode reduction amounts only to that due to 3 per cent, of the hydrogen discharged. A patent was granted in 1913 for producing alkali perborate by electro- lysis, and others have followed. The deleterious effects of iron salts can be removed, it is stated, by addition of stannic acid or sodium bicarbonate 3 to the electrolyte. It is claimed that increased yields are obtained by the addition of alkali chromate, calcium chloride, and colloids such as gelatin and gum arabic; further, a high current 8 4 According to another patent a solution of borax con- taining 13-15 per cent, of carbonate is electrolysed. Pre- sumably, percarbonate is first formed, and this oxidises the borate to perborate. It is necessary to saturate the solution with borax, and solid perborate must also be present. Metallic catalysts which act negatively must be excluded, but stannic acid, bicarbonate of soda and mag- nesium silicate act as accelerators. Another patent of the same year follows similar lines, but stipulates that the bicarbonate produced during electrolysis must not be allowed to exceed 70-75 grams tJZeitsch. Elektrochem., 1915,39,806. 2 4 density at the anode is desirable. Eng. Pat. 14292 (1915). *Ibia. 100778 (1916). Ibid.100153 (1916). * Ibid.102359 (1916). 5

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