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PEODUCTION OF PEE-SALTS AISTO HYDEOGEN HEEOXIDE 27 solution. During electrolysis, lime is added in the form of a cream to the anode compartment, and the perman- ganic acid produced combines to form the calcium salt. Hydrogen and oxygen are evolved from the cathode and anode respectively. After some time the calcium and potassium permanganates may be separated by fractional crystallisation. It is possible to use calcium chloride instead of lime, but in that case potassium chloride is used in the cathode compartment in place of caustic potash. 1 P. Askenasy and S. Klonowski have shown that the diaphragm may be dispensed with. In their experiments a solution of potassium manganate containing 80-90 grams per litre was electrolysed at 60° between iron elec- trodes ; the current density at the cathode was 0*8 amp. 2 per cm. and at the anode about O'l amp. Under these conditions the cathodic reducing action was small, and permanganate crystallised from the solution. "When the calculated amount of current had passed, 60 per cent, of the manganate had been oxidised, but it was found possible to continue electrolysis until 75 per cent, had been changed. 2 E. Lorenz has shown that it is possible to produce permanganate by electrolysing a solution of caustic potash, if a manganese or ferro-manganese anode be used and a cathode of copper oxide (the positive plate of a cupron cell for example). The same method can be used for preparing potassium bichromate if the anode be of ferro-chromium. In both 1 Zeitsch. EUktrochem., 1910,16, 170. ^Zeitsch.anorg. Chem., 1896,12, 393,396.PDF Image | MANUFACTURE OF CHEMICALS BY ELECTROLYSIS
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