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28 THE MANOTACTTJBE OF CHEMICALS BY ELEOTBOLTSIS casestheironintheanodeisconvertedtoferric hydroxide which collects at thebottom of thecell. l POTASSIUM FEBBICYANIDE can be produced by the electrolytic oxidation of ferrocyanide. 2K4FeCy6 + 0 + H2O= 2K3FeCy6 + 2K0H. A saturated solution of ferrocyanide is used a t a tempera- ture of 20° C. TheDeutsche Gold undSilber Scheidean- stalt modify the process b y addition of calcium ferrocyanide which prevents t h e contamination of t h e end-product 2 with alkali. H. von Hayek has examined theprocess, and shown that a 100 p e r cent, yield may b e obtained if a high current density b e used a n d t h e anode rotated, whilst the electrolyte is kept alkaline to prevent the formation of free ferrocyanic acid. The surface of t h e anode should b e greater than that of the cathode, a n d high concentration of salt is necessary to prevent the high current density from producing secondary reactions andthus reducing theyield. 3 ELECTBOLYTIC SULPHUBIC ACID is produced and a con- centration a s high a s 9 5 p e r cent, obtained b y oxidising sulphurous acid in a diaphragm cell with a cylindrical nickel cathode a n d a n anode of platinum gauze. A porous cup or cell which acts as cathode is filled with sulphuric acid o r sodium sulphite, and t h e outer anode compartment contains a solution of sulphur dioxide which is kept saturated during the process by passing in the gas con- i n g . Pat. 7426 (1886); Electrical Review, 1893, 32, 216. *Zeitsch. anorg. Chem., 1904, 39,240. 3 M>deK. Thompson, Met.andChem. Eng.,1916,15,677.PDF Image | MANUFACTURE OF CHEMICALS BY ELECTROLYSIS
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