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50 THE MANUFAOTUBrE OF CHEMICALS BY ELECTEOLYSIS during electrolysis the water driven towards the cathodes will pass through these and away from the peat. The negative plates, therefore, function as filter-plates. A process similar to this is one in which electrodes are fitted in the cells of a filter-press, and during filtration the colloidal particles in the liquor are coagulated at the surface of the electrodes, and so prevented from blocking the pores 1 of t h e filter-cloths. The separation of the constituents of glue can be effected by placing the solution between diaphragms so that, during electrolysis, inorganic constituents migrate through the 2 diaphragm leaving the albuminoid material behind. Separation of colloids from each other is effected by em- ploying diaphragms which are charged electrically to various potentials, so that certain colloidal particles pass through whilst others are unable to penetrate the diaphragm. For example, with a viscose diaphragm near the anode and one of parchment at the cathode, a mixture of sulphuric and lactic acids can be separated, because only the sulphuric acid can permeate the viscose membrane. Similarly sugars can be separated from non-sugars in crude sugar-liquors, and a solution of glue can be separated into several fractions. A process for tanning skins by electro-osmosis has been 3 devised. phragms selected, so that active tanning materials cannot pass through them, whilst those substances which are harm- l Zeit. angew. Chem., 1915, 28,308. 2 The skin is placed between two suitable dia- Eng. Pats. 21448 (1914), 11823 (1914). »Ibid. 19849 (1914).PDF Image | MANUFACTURE OF CHEMICALS BY ELECTROLYSIS
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