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BLBCTEOliYTIO BEBTJCTION OF OBGANIC COMPOUNDS 57 1 powder-added, amines result. the nitro-compound may be used provided the liquid is well stirred during electrolysis, and, usually, the cathode compartment is separated from the anode by a diaphragm of porous earthenware or asbestos. However, in many cases it is possible to dispense with the diaphragm, and thus diminish the resistance of the vat. Nickel or mercury cathodes increase the amount of azoxy- or azo-body formed, but lead, zinc, copper, and 2 tin favour the formation of azo- and hydrazo-compounds. Addition of copper powder to the electrolyte increases amine formation. 8 A German patent covers these results by describing the use of an alkaline suspension of nitro-compound which is stirred vigorously, and oxide of zinc, tin, or lead is added to the electrolyte. The electrode potential exerts an important influence upon the course of the reduction, but there is undoubtedly a catalytic effect as well; the latter is particularly evident 45 with cathodes of copper or platinum. Lob and Haber consider that electrode potential is the determining factor, 6 but Tafel emphasises the importance of the catalytic effect of the electrode material. Undoubtedly the product .P. 130742(1901). Lob, Zeitsch. Elelctrochem., 1902, 8, 778. 3 4 B 6 2 D.E.P. 121899,121900(1899). Zeitsch. physical. Chem., 1904, 47, 418. Zeitsch. EUMrochem., 1898,4,506. Zeitsch. amrg. Chem., 1002, 21> 289; Zeitsch. Elektrochem^ 1906, 12, An alkaline suspension ofPDF Image | MANUFACTURE OF CHEMICALS BY ELECTROLYSIS
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