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70 THE MANUFACTURE OF CHEMICALS BY ELECTROLYSIS 20-30 amps, he obtained 40 per cent, of methyl alcohol. Other fatty acids were found to give similar results. ELECTROL YTIC SUBSTITUTION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS. Substitution by chlorine, bromine, and iodine has received much attention. The most successful industrial application is presented by IODOFORM. In the older chemical process in which alcohol reacts with iodine in the presence of sodium carbonate, only about 30 per cent, of the iodine is converted into iodoform :— OH3.0H2OH + SNajOOa + 5I2 + 2^0 = 0HIa + 9NaHCOs + 7NaL By electrolysing a solution containing 50 parts of sodium carbonate, 170 parts of potassium iodide, and 100 parts of 96 per cent, alcohol, with a smooth platinum anode, practically all the iodine is generally used in producing l iodoform:— CH8 •CHaOH + 3NaI + 3HaO = Na2CO3 + OHL, + NaOH + 5H2, The cathode should be of lead, and encased in parchment 2 The temperature should be 60-70° O. and anode current 2 density 1-2 amps, per dm. with a voltage of 2-2*5 volts. The iodoform is produced at the rate of 500 grams per kilowatt-hour (1*3 grams per amp.-hour) and the current efficiency is about 90 per cent. The conditions necessary when employing acetone in- 3 stead of alcohol have been given by H. Abbot. 1 DJEL.P. 29771 (1884); Eng. Pat. 8748 (1884). 2 Zeitsch. Elektrockem., 1899,.3,268. sJ% PhysicalChem.,1903,84. to prevent cathode hydrogen from destroying the product.PDF Image | MANUFACTURE OF CHEMICALS BY ELECTROLYSIS
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