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In: Electrolysis: Theory, Types and Applications ISBN: 978-1-60876-619-2 Editors: Shing Kuai and Ji Meng, pp. - © 2010 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. Chapter 6 MOLTEN SALT ELECTROLYSIS FOR SUSTAINABLE METALS EXTRACTION AND MATERIALS PROCESSING – A REVIEW Xiao Y. Yan1 and Derek J. Fray*2 1 CSIRO Process Science and Engineering, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Bayview Avenue, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia. 2 Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, United Kingdom. ABSTRACT The processing of material and their eventual recycling, with eliminated or minimized greenhouse gas emission, pose great technological challenges. This is particularly true for metals industry since most established high temperature extraction technologies use carbon as a reductant to reduce metal oxides and as a heat source by carbon combustion, causing CO2 formation. Therefore, one must look at totally new strategies for metals extraction without using carbon as the reductant. Electricity, i.e., electrons, is one of most effective alternatives to the carbon reductant. Fused salt electrolysis has proved to be an attractive route and this technology would be further enhanced if the electricity were generated from renewable energy sources. As well as primary extraction, molten salt electrolysis also has enormous potential for materials processing. Considerable challenges facing fused salt electrolysis technology towards sustainable development lie within two key categories: (i) improvement of existing technologies and (ii) development of novel technologies, both having much less or zero environmental impacts. The latter can potentially lead to displacement of many conventional non-electrochemical technologies for metals extraction and materials processing. Unfortunately, the molten salt electrolysis technology for the above applications remains in many respects underexploited over the past 50 years. Only in the recent 15 years, it is undergoing a significant renaissance because of several innovative ideas being explored both in the laboratory and also at the pilot scale. This article reviews molten salt electrolysis technologies and their advances for metals extraction and materials processing with special attention given to the * corresponding author; email: djf25@msm.cam.ac.ukPDF Image | MOLTEN SALT ELECTROLYSIS
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