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On-Site Sodium Hypochlorite Generation

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On-Site Sodium Hypochlorite Generation ( on-site-sodium-hypochlorite-generation )

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WEFTEC®.06 performance, provide hydrogen gas removal and, as is specific system applicable, provide backup product supply during periods of maintenance down time. Product Dosing - Electrolysis systems will generally have diaphragm or hose type positive displacement pumps serving chlorination dosing requirements. These pumps do not have flow sensors to confirm dosing operations are functioning properly. Dosing control and monitoring are carried out by the system’s residual analysis equipment outputting an analog feedback signal. Systems used for water well disinfection will not normally have any residual analysis because the well operates at a constant flow therefore the dosing pump has a "set and forget" condition. Centrifugal pump designs - Centrifugal pumps are only considered where large product volumes are required. Unusually large systems will have centrifugal pump dosing systems. When centrifugal pumps are used in a system, flow monitors may be applied. Such pump systems are designed to have a flow monitor where the level of output is set greater than 35% of pump rated flow to prevent pump damage. A centrifugal pump’s output control is normally via a discharge control valve in turn controlled by the analog signal from a residual analyzer. Care must be taken in the engineering phase to assure that the system is not so oversized to cause nuisance pump shut off from low output flow. Standard motor controls meeting local electrical codes are used to protect the drive equipment in all pump circuits regardless of pump design. Diaphragm type positive displacement pumps - Diaphragm pumps are most often used in dosing systems having less than 200 pounds (90kg) chlorine capacity per day. Peristaltic hose type positive displacement pumps - Peristaltic pumps operate on the principal of rollers collapsing a hose to create a vacuum drawing in fluid and discharging at elevated pressures. These pumps utilize variable speed motor controls with either VFD or SCR drive controllers. No check valves are required since the roller position acts to prevent fluid backflow. Pressures of 230 psi (16 kg/cm2) can be achieved when using these pumps. Hydrogen Handling Practices - Hydrogen is produced on all on-site Sodium Hypochlorite generators. As you have seen on page 3-2, hydrogen is a byproduct of the electrolysis process with virtually 100% electrolytic efficiency at the cathode. As hydrogen is produced in the cell it combines with dissolved air and oxygen generated from the chlorine inefficiency of chlorine production at the anode. The undiluted gas exiting the cell is approximately 3% air and oxygen therefore is below the lower explosive limit (LEL) of 4.0% in an air environment. The explosive range of hydrogen with air is between 4.0% and 74.20%. In an oxygen environment the explosive range is 4.65% to 93.9%. Air dilution requirements are dependent on the system output and tank type. Although one cell design separates the hydrogen within the cell allowing its’ hydrogen to be directly vented to atmosphere without the need for air dilution all others include the hydrogen in the product stream to the storage tank. Copyright ©2006 Water Environment Foundation. All Rights Reserved 6347

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