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CHARGE MODE DISCHARGE MODE 2e- 2e- 2e- 2e- Source H2(g) H2(g) 2H+ PEM dissolved Cl2 2HCl (aq) HCl thin film Cl2(g) H2(g) H2(g) 2H+ PEM dissolved Cl2 2HCl (aq) HCl thin film Cl2(g) H2 cathode 2H+ + 2e- →H2 Cl2 anode 2Cl- →Cl2 + 2e- H2 anode H2 →2H+ + 2e- Cl2 cathode Cl2 + 2e-→ 2Cl- Figure 1: rHCFC schematic. In charge or electrolytic mode, hydrochloric acid is elec- trolyzed to produce hydrogen and chlorine using electrical energy from an external source. The products are stored in tanks for future re-conversion to electricity. In discharge or gal- vanic mode, hydrogen and chlorine react to produce hydrochloric acid and electricity. predict operating cell potentials with the degree of precision that might be possible with a more complex and detailed model, the simplifications permit a broad survey of a large and complicated parameter space which otherwise could not be explored. The simplified one-dimensional cell design under consideration is shown in Figure 1. The model focuses on four voltage losses within the cell: hydrogen electrode activation, proton-exchange membrane (PEM) ohmic loss, chlorine electrode activation, and chlorine electrode mass transport. Each loss is modeled a function of current density. We vary the cell’s operating parameters (OPs: temperature and acid concentration) for a given set of engineering parameters (EPs: exchange current densities, reservoir pressure, PEM thickness, acid diffusion layer thickness) in order to find the best performance over a range of operating conditions. We then systematically vary the EPs and discuss the effects on the resulting cell performance. The primary metric used to gauge cell performance in this model will be the cell power density at 90% galvanic efficiency. The chlorine electrode is assumed to be smooth, without a porous gas diffusion layer (GDL), in order to simplify the mass transport model. In a real cell, it would likely be impractical to omit a GDL because the PEM requires support and the lateral conductivity 3 LoadPDF Image | Regenerative Hydrogen Chlorine Fuel Cell for Grid-Scale
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