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Perspective Seawater Electrolysis for Hydrogen Production: A Solution Looking for a Problem? M.A. Khan1, Tareq Al-Attas1, Soumyabrata Roy2, M.M. Rahman2, Noreddine Ghaffour3, Venkataraman Thangadurai4, Stephen Larter,5 Jinguang Hu1*, Pulickel M. Ajayan2*, Md Golam Kibria1* 1Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada. 2Department of Materials Science and Nano Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX 77030, USA. 3Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia. 4Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive Northwest, T2N 1N4 Calgary, Canada. 5Department of Geosciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada. Abstract: As the price of renewable electricity continues to plummet, hydrogen (H2) production via water electrolysis is gaining momentum globally as a route to decarbonize our energy systems. The requirement of high purity water for electrolysis as well as the widespread availability of seawater have led significant research efforts in developing direct seawater electrolysis technology for H2 production. In this Perspective, we critically assess the broad-brush arguments on the research and development (R&D) needs for direct seawater electrolysis from energy, cost and environmental aspects. We focus in particular on a process consisting of sea water reverse osmosis (SWRO) coupled to proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis. Our analysis reveals there are limited economic and environmental incentives of pursuing R&D on today’s nascent direct seawater electrolysis technology. As commercial water electrolysis requires significant amount of energy compared to SWRO, the capital and operating costs of SWRO are found to be negligible. This leads to an insignificant increase in levelized cost of H2 (<0.1 $/kg H2) and CO2 emissions (<0.1%) from a SWRO-PEM coupled process. Our analysis poses the questions: what is the future promise of direct seawater electrolysis? With an urgent need to decarbonize our energy systems, should we consider realigning our research investments? We conclude with a forward-looking perspective on future R&D priorities in desalination and electrolysis technologies. Keywords: electrolysis; hydrogen; energy; desalination; economics *Correspondence: jinguang.hu@ucalgary.ca, pma2@rice.edu, md.kibria@ucalgary.ca 1PDF Image | Seawater Electrolysis for Hydrogen Production
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