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46 CHAPTER3. EXPERIMENTALMETHODS where j is the applied current density and C the capacitance (likely made up mostly by the pseudocapacitance, but with a lesser contribution from the double layer ca- pacitance, on oxides such as RuO2[200]). To obtain an IR-corrected electrode po- tential using this expression, equation 3.1 is fitted to the mean transient recorded after interruption of the current at a certain current density, using non-linear fitting. However, it is also possible to use more simple types of expressions, such as poly- nomials, and it is even possible to use the first accurately measured potential as an approximation to the true IR-corrected potential. This was acceptable especially at lower current densities ( j < 1 kA/m2 ). 3.3 Combined determination of gas-phase and liquid- phase compositions during hypochlorite decom- position using mass spectrometry and ion chro- matography A goal of the study of Sandin et al. [14] was to quantify important products dur- ing the chemical decomposition of hypochlorite species. The measurements were carried out in a system where time-resolved compositions of both the liquid phase and gas phase could be determined, by using ionic chromatography (IC) and mass spectrometry (MS), respectively. The pH of the solution was controlled automat- ically in the range of 5 to 10.5, and the temperature was kept at 80 ◦C. The pH control afforded by our experimental setup allowed a detailed study of the effect of pH on the rate of both uncatalyzed chlorate formation and uncatalyzed oxygen formation. In contrast with industrial chlorate production, the ionic strength of the solution was lower, but the NaOCl concentration of 80 mM (6 g/dm3) was similar to the industrial concentration. An equimolar amount of Cl– was also present in the solution.PDF Image | Studies of Electrode Processes in Industrial Electrosynthesis
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