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48 CHAPTER4. RESULTSANDDISCUSSION Figure 4.1: The effect on q∗ of the number of coating layers and of Co-doping for RuxTi1–xO2 coatings in the study of Hummelgård et al. [15]. doped RTO had an increased electrochemically active surface area. Furthermore, q∗ also increased with the number of coating layers applied (Figure 4.1). Anodic polarization curve measurements were conducted in 5 M NaCl and ca- thodic polarization curve measurements in 1 M NaOH (Figure 4.2). Both types of coatings exhibited similar kinetic parameters, with Tafel slopes close to typical values for RTO and RuO2. The Co-doped coatings exhibited lower overpotentials at the higher current densities. This was found to be related to the higher q∗ of these coatings, which decreases the local current density, and thus the electrode potential, at a certain total current density. These results show one way that mod- ification of the coating by doping can be used to alter the amount of electrical energy needed for chlorine or hydrogen evolution. Additionally, Co is a much less expensive noble metal than Ru, and the study thus indicates a way that DSAs can be made using less expensive materials. While no selectivity measurements were performed in the study, it is likely that the Co-doped coatings would have exhibited a lower Cl2 selectivity due to the increased surface area[1]. However, the electrode would likely be less suitable for chlorate production, as Co is a well-known cata- lyst for decomposition of HOCl/OCl– to form O2[1]. 4.2 The selectivity between chlorine and oxygen in chlor-alkali and sodium chlorate production 4.2.1 The uncatalyzed and catalyzed decomposition of hypochlo- rite species In the study of Sandin et al. [14], we have investigated the kinetics for both uncat- alyzed and catalyzed decomposition of hypochlorous acid species, for the reactionPDF Image | Studies of Electrode Processes in Industrial Electrosynthesis
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