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6 The Chlor-Alkali Industry 6.1 Overview of the Chlor-Alkali Industry Chlorine, Sodium Hydroxide, and Sodium Carbonate Are Primary Products of the Chlor-Alkali Industry The caustics chain begins with sodium chloride (NaCl) and forms the basis for what is often referred to as the chlor-alkali industry. Major products of the chlor-alkali industry include chlorine, sodium hydroxide (caustic soda), soda ash (sodium carbonate), sodium bicarbonate, potassium hydroxide, and potassium carbonate. Of these products, chlorine, sodium hydroxide, and soda ash account for the largest share of shipments from the chlor- alkali industry. These products are also very important economically, being the chemicals produced in the eighth, ninth, and tenth largest amounts in the United States (in 1997, their combined production was over 72 billion pounds) (CMA 1998). Most of the chlorine produced in the United States (about 70 percent) is used to manufacture organic chemicals (e.g., vinyl chloride monomer, ethylene dichloride, glycerine, chlorinated solvents, glycols). Nearly 40 percent is used for the production of vinyl chloride, an important building block for poly vinyl chloride (PVC) and a number of petrochemicals (see Figure 6-1). Chlorine is also important to the pulp and paper industry, which consumes about 15 percent of the chlorine produced annually. Other major uses for chlorine include the manufacture of inorganic chemicals, disinfection of water, and production of hypochlorite (CMA 1998, Orica 1999). U.S. Production of Major Products in the Caustics Chain (1997) Chlorine (26.0 billion lbs) Sodium Carbonate (23.7 billion lbs) Sodium Hydroxide (22.7 billion lbs) Source: CMA 1998. 175PDF Image | The Chlor-Alkali Industry
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