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In a diaphragm cell, multiple cells containing an anode and cathode pair are mounted vertically and parallel to each other (see Figure 6-3). Cathodes are usually a flat hollow steel mesh or perforated steel sheet covered with asbestos fibers and fibrous polytetrafluoro-ethylene (PFTE), and function as the diaphragm. The mix of fibers is typically about 75 percent asbestos and 25 percent PFTE. The anode is usually constructed of titanium plates covered with layers of Group VIII oxides with metal conductivity (ruthenium oxide, titanium oxide). The overall process flow is shown in Figure 6-4. Brine flows continuously into the anode chamber and then through the diaphragm to the cathode. Chlorine gas is formed at the anodes, and sodium hydroxide solution and hydrogen gas are formed directly at the cathode. By allowing liquid to pass through to the cathode, but not the fine chlorine gas bubbles, the diaphragm prevents the mixing of hydrogen and chlorine. The diaphragm also limits the back-diffusion of hydroxide ions formed at the cathode. The back-migration of hydrogen Figure 6-3. Typical Diaphragm Cell (Chenier 1992) 181PDF Image | The Chlor-Alkali Industry
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