PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 014
Water Electricity 188 Water Recycle Salt Caustic Soda/Soda Ash Steam/Fuel Sodium Carbonate/ Calcium Chloride Sludge/ Brine Mud Salt Dissolving/ Make- Up Brine Salt Mining By Solution Brine Purification and Filtration Brine Heating Purified Brine to Electrolysis Cells Figure 6-8. Brine Purification (Sittig 1977, EPA 1995a) Key Energy and Environmental Facts - Brine Purification Energy Emissions Effluents Wastes/Byproducts Net Energy use: 1,424 Btu/lb chlorine Largest sources - heater stack gas (CO, SOx, NOx, hydrocarbons, and particulates) Recycle brine/brine purge Brine mud (magnesium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, and barium sulfate; mercury in elemental form or as mercuric chloride; calcium sulfate; mercury sulfide) Purification creates a precipitation sludge (brine mud) that is washed to recover entrained sodium chloride and then disposed of in a landfill. If the mercury process is used, brine purification sludges will contain trace levels of mercury. In this case the sludge is treated with sodium sulfide to bind the mercury as mercury sulfide (an insoluble compound) and the sludge may be further bound by casting the sludge into concrete blocks. These blocks are tested for leachability and then disposed of into a controlled landfill. The second step in brine preparation includes clarification, filtration, the addition of recycled brine, adjustment of pH value, and collection into tanks to feed the cells. Sand filters are commonly used for clarification and filtration. Brine for mercury and diaphragm processes contains less than 4 parts per million (ppm)of calcium and 0.5 ppm of magnesium. Membrane cell processes require a more purified brine (less than 20 parts per billion of magnesium and calcium combined), which is usually passed through ion exchange columns to remove impurities to the needed level. After purification the purified brine is heated to bring it up to the correct process temperature for each cell (Sittig 1977, EPA 1995a).PDF Image | The Chlor-Alkali Industry
PDF Search Title:
The Chlor-Alkali IndustryOriginal File Name Searched:
profile_chap6.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
Salgenx Redox Flow Battery Technology: Power up your energy storage game with Salgenx Salt Water Battery. With its advanced technology, the flow battery provides reliable, scalable, and sustainable energy storage for utility-scale projects. Upgrade to a Salgenx flow battery today and take control of your energy future.
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@salgenx.com (Standard Web Page)