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Membranes 2022, 12, 602 13 of 18 These obtained results are in agreement with the study developed by Huang et al. [33] who showed that the prepared BN-SPEEK/PTFE reinforced membranes show increasing resistance with the amount of BN. This effect was due to the fact that BN has a solitary electron pair and can produce “acid–base” pairs with the sulfonic acid groups existing in the membrane. These results confirm that the composite membrane has good mechanical stability, which is mainly due to the high degree of fibrillation. This in turn promotes the formation of a plastic filler/polymer network and increases the flexibility of our membrane. 3.4. Performance of the Hypochlorite Generation Process Using Different Membranes Figure 8 shows the kinetic study and the performance of the hypochlorite generation process performed on different types of membranes. Observing the results obtained in Figure 8 and comparing the two composite membranes Zirfon® and our BN/PTFE membrane in terms of efficiency in the production of hypochlorites, we note that under the same operating conditions and with the BN/PTFE membranes couple, we produced about seven times the amount produced by the Zirfon® membrane couple. These results can be attributed to the ionic conductivity and to the chemical stability of the BN/PTFE membrane, as well as to the capacity of the BN charge for proton exchange, which favors the transfer and diffusion of the ions to the two compartments. Hu et al. [34] revealed that the excellent proton conductivity of h-BN at room temperature is higher than that of graphene at higher temperatures. The proton conductivity of h-BN arises from its polarized Membranes 2022, 11, x FOR PEER REVIEW 14 of 19 covalent bonding of the B and N atoms as a result of the difference in electronegativity and, therefore, causes valence electrons to accumulate around the N atom and form an uneven electron cloud distribution. Figure 8. Kinetic curves of hypochlorite ion generation by electrolysis of brine using various types of Figure 8. Kinetic curves of hypochlorite ion generation by electrolysis of brine using various types membranes at (constant rate, room temperature, J = 16.6 mA.cm−2, 4.5 < pHAnodic < 5.5). of membranes at (constant rate, room temperature, J = 16.6 mA.cm−2, 4.5 < pHAnodic < 5.5). In addition to ion-exchange membranes, the production of hypochlorite ions varies In addition to ion-exchange membranes, the production of hypochlorite ions varies according to the physicochemical characteristics of the membranes, as indicated in Table 1. acAcomrodninggthteouthsedpmhyemsicborachnesm, tihcaelCcMhaXr/acAteMriXstpicasirolfedthteombetmterbraesnuelst,sacsominpdairceadtetdo itnheTable 1.oAthmeroInEgMtsh.eTuhsisedcamnbemeebxrpalnaeinse,dthbeyCthMeiXr/sAelMecXtivpiatyi,rgloedodtoexbcehtatenrgerecsauplatscictyo,manpdartehdeirtothe high ionic conductivity, as well as their water content, which facilitates and promotes the other IEMs. This can be explained by their selectivity, good exchange capacity, and their ionic transfer through the membranes. high ionic conductivity, as well as their water content, which facilitates and promotes the ionic transfer through the membranes. It should be noted that even after 8 h of operation, we did not observe any noticeable exothermic effect in the three solutions (+5 °C at most). Open-air cooling appears to be sufficient to maintain a temperature close to room temperature. By using the BN/PTFE composite membrane on both anodic and cathodic sides at a current density of 16.6 mA.cm−2, the hypochlorite generation cell has attained its maxi- mum production. It has yielded about 260 mM of HClO after 8 h of operation. Indeed, per unit of time, the amount of retro-diffusion becomes more important than the amount pro-PDF Image | Zero Gap Electrolysis Cell for Producing Bleach
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