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the amount of NaOH produced depends on several factors such as the type of membranes Membranes 2022, 12, 602 16 of 18 and whether they are exchange or composite membranes. In this comparative study, one can reach about 2.5 M NaOH after 8 h using the CMX/AEM membrane pair. The quantities of NaOH produced in the cathodic compartment differ from one pair to another, and this can be explained by the physicochemical characteristics of the used membranes. More specifically, the difference in exchange capacity, as well as the selectiv- ity and the affinity, of the functional groups of the membranes to Na+ ions are observed. Figure 10. Quanttiitty of NaOH generated in the cathodic compartment with I = 500 mA.. 4. Conclusions 4. Conclusions The production of bleach at high concentrations by electrolyzing a saturated sodium The production of bleach at high concentrations by electrolyzing a saturated sodium chloride solution is not simple. Several parameters and factors are involved in both chloride chloride solution is not simple. Several parameters and factors are involved in both chlo- oxidation and water reduction. In addition, the aggressiveness of hypochlorite ions and ride oxidation and water reduction. In addition, the aggressiveness of hypochlorite ions chlorine molecules is so important that few materials can resist them. and chlorine molecules is so important that few materials can resist them. In this study, different membranes were used. Some of them are commercial ion- In this study, different membranes were used. Some of them are commercial ion- exchange or porous composite membranes. In addition, a porous composite membrane exchange or porous composite membranes. In addition, a porous composite membrane based on boron nitride and Teflon was developed by us. based on boron nitride and Teflon was developed by us. We have shown that it is possible to reach active chlorine contents close to 1.8 wt%, We have shown that it is possible to reach active chlorine contents close to 1.8 wt%, which is significantly higher than the contents obtained by simple electrolysis with or which is significantly higher than the contents obtained by simple electrolysis with or without a separator (0.3 to 1.0 wt%) and that the limiting factor is the back-diffusion of without a separator (0.3 to 1.0 wt%) and that the limiting factor is the back-diffusion of the the HClO produced in the anode compartment into the other compartments through the HClO produced in the anode compartment into the other compartments through the pores of the ceramic membranes. Only the Nafion®117 type membranes and our BN/PTFE pores of the ceramic membranes. Only the Nafion®117 type membranes and our BN/PTFE membranes are chemically resistant, even after many operations. membranes are chemically resistant, even after many operations. This study allowed us to validate the concept of such a process, and we are currently working on the means to reduce the porosity of the BN/PTFE membranes in order to limit the loss of HClO species by back-diffusion in the other compartments. Author Contributions: Conceptualization, R.B.A., L.D., A.M. and E.S.B.H.; methodology, R.B.A., T.O., A.M., C.L. and L.B.; validation, L.D., C.L., L.B. and E.S.B.H.; formal analysis, R.B.A. and T.O.; investigation, L.D., C.L. and E.S.B.H.; resources, L.D.; data curation, R.B.A. and. T.O.; writing— original draft preparation, R.B.A. and T.O.; writing—review and editing, L.D., C.L., A.M., E.S.B.H. and L.B.; supervision, L.D. and E.S.B.H.; project administration, L.D. and L.B. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Funding: This research received no external funding. Institutional Review Board Statement: Not applicable. Informed Consent Statement: Not applicable. Data Availability Statement: Not applicable. Acknowledgments: We would like to thank the Tunisian government for supporting this research by providing mobility grants for two of the co-authors. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.PDF Image | Zero Gap Electrolysis Cell for Producing Bleach
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