MANUFACTURE OF CHEMICALS BY ELECTROLYSIS

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MANUFACTURE OF CHEMICALS BY ELECTROLYSIS ( manufacture-chemicals-by-electrolysis )

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PKODTJCTION OF PEB-SALTS AND HYDEOGEN PEKOXIDE 25 per litre, or the stability of the perborate will be affected. Free alkali is added, therefore, to the lye used, before or during electrolysis, or the free alkali maybereplaced by carbonate of soda and borax, or by metaborate. POTASSIUM PEBMANGANATE is now m anufactured by oxidising t h e manganate solution in t h e anode compart- ment of a divided cell. T h e first patents were taken out 1 in 1884. One by Theodor Kemp describes the use of a negative electrode in water at which alkali is formed, the manganate solution in the anode compartment being converted into permanganate. T h e anode a n d cathode are separated by a porous diaphragm. 2 The other patent by E . Schering describes the use of a cement diaphragm to separate anode from cathode. Several advantages are evident over the older process in which chlorine or carbon dioxide is used to decompose the manganate which results from t h e fusion of manganese dioxide with chlorate. These can be shown by compar- ing the equations representing the reactions:— 2K2Mn04 + Gl2 - 2KMnO4 +2K01, 3K2Mn04 + 2CO2 = 2KMnO4 + MnO2 + 2K2CO3. I n t h e electrolytic oxidation t h e change is a s follows :— 2K2Mn04 + 0 + H2O= 2KMnO4 + 2K0H. It will be observed that the last oxidation is effected by electrolytic oxygen liberated at the anode, no manganese dioxide is formed, a n d t h e potash which is produced m a y be used again in the fusion process for preparing more manganate. J2 Eng. Pat,8218 (1884). D.Jl.P.28782

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