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ELECTBOLYTIC PBEPAEATION OP PIGMENTS 41 blue cupric hydroxide is precipitated. The following metallic anodes furnish corresponding hydroxides: Silver, magnesium, zinc, cadmium, aluminium, lead, manganese, and iron. A mercury anode gives no hydroxide in pot- assium chloride solution, but calomel (Hg2Cl2) is formed ; however, in a potassium nitrate solution a black mercury compound is precipitated. Thallium becomes coated with suboxide, and a brown precipitate of thallium hydroxide is gradually formed. A tin anode in a chloride, sulphate or nitrate solution, gives a precipitate of ortho-stannic acid. Nickel in sodium chloride solution gives green nickel hydroxide, whilst antimony and bismuth anodes are merely coated with a grey skin. One advantage of this method of preparation of hydroxides is that formation in a neutral solution renders unnecessary careful washing to free from excess of alkali, which is generally needed in ordinary precipitation pro- cesses. Further, there is no risk that excess of alkali will redissolve the hydroxide or oxide of metals such as zinc or aluminium, and the electrolyte is re-formed continuously so that it lasts indefinitely, and hence the cost of alkali is avoided. The reaction in the case of copper is represented by the equation: CuCl2 + 2NaOH = Cu(OH)2 + 2Na01. l Lorenz has shown that sulphides can be formed in a similar manner by employing a cathode of copper sulphide and an anode of metal, the sulphide of which is required, in an aqueous solution of alkali chloride, nitrate, or sul- phate. l Zeiticht anorg. Chem., 1896, 12,442.PDF Image | MANUFACTURE OF CHEMICALS BY ELECTROLYSIS
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