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66 THE MANTTFACTTJEE OF CHEMICALS BY ELECTEOLYSIS Further examples of successful oxidation by electrolysis may be indicated by reference to the following patents:— 1 Aniline and hydroquinone can be oxidised to quinone, and the addition of a manganese salt to the electrolyte accelerates the oxidation. Basic dyes are formed by the oxidation of homologues 2 of triamino-triphenylmethane. The oxidation of pyrogallol in a sodium sulphate electro- 3 lyte yields purpurogallin. Addition of cerium salts accelerates the electrolytic oxidation of anthracene, naphthalene, and phenanthrene, 4 which yield the corresponding quinones. The hydro- carbons may be in solution or in the form of a finely divided suspension. Anthracene, for example, is oxidised to ANTHBAQUINONE in 20 per cent, sulphuric acid; anode 2 current density is about 5 amps, per dm. , and by the addition of 2 per cent, of cerium sulphate the current 5 efficiency The revival of " spent" chromic acid is closely connected with these oxidations, since it has been the practice, for some time, to regenerate the chromic acid after use by 6 electrolysis :— Cr2(SO4)5 + 30 + 5H2O = 2H2Cr04 + 3H2SO4. For this oxidation the " spent liquors," consisting of sul- phates of potassium and chromium and also free sulphuric 12 D.B.P. 117129 (1900). Ibid. 100556(1897). 34 Trans.Chem. Soc, 1904, 85, 243. D.B.P. 152063(1904). 5 c is stated to reach nearly 100 per cent. Electrochem. hid., 1904, 2, 249. D.B.P. 103860 (1899); Zeitsch. MeWochem., 1900, 6, 290, 3Q8tPDF Image | MANUFACTURE OF CHEMICALS BY ELECTROLYSIS
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