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International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications, Vol. 4, No. 5, October 2013 solution. Radical formation in solution has an influence on the reaction mechanism. Radicals have the ability to react faster than the other species. However, when the content of chlorine in the solution is limited, formed radical (OH radicals or other radical species) cannot encourage the production of chlorine gas. C. The Effect of Electrode Distance in Chlorine Gas Production One of parameters influence the activity of plasma is the distance between electrodes. Two compartments reactor has about 15 cm in distance between anode and cathode. It will cause the lower current flow due to higher resistance in the solution [11]. Energy consumption will be lower, however Joule heating effect to the solution will also lower. It makes the formation of gas sheath due to local solvent vaporization around the electrodes need longer time and cause plasma will be more difficult to form. In this study, condition is set in high voltage to make the electric current higher. It will cause to the higher Joule heating, so plasma can be easily formed. Chlorine gas product yield is different between the two type of reactor (one and two compartment) caused by differences in both the operating voltage. For one compartment reactor with closer distance of electrode, the voltage is set to 200V - 300V. As for the two compartments reactor, the voltage is set to 500V - 700V. By seeing the difference voltage, the voltage on the reactor with a two compartments reactor is two times larger than the one compartment reactor. The results of chlorine gas products also have the same ratio that is 2 times. This explains the higher voltage can increase the production of chlorine gas in a linear fashion. Increase the voltage 2 times, can increase the production of 2 times anyway as shown in Fig. 4. 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Fig. 4. Comparison of chlorine gas production for 15 minutes at 70-80oC D. The Effect of Electrode Depth in Chlorine Gas Production One of the variables in this study is the depth of anode. The depth is set into three variations: on the surface of the solution, 1 cm, and 2 cm below the surface of the solution. From the results of research conducted, the deeper the anode in the solution, then the electric current used is greater. The amount of current flow for anode at the surface of the solution is about 0.46 A. Furthermore, the 1 cm depth is about 1.19 A and at 2 cm depth is 2.26 A. If the currents are multiplied by the applied voltage (i.e. 300 V), then it will obtain electric power consumed as shown in Fig. 5. 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 137 357 677 0.2 0.18 0.16 0.14 0.12 0.1 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0 012 Anode Depth (cm) Fig. 5. Effect of anode depth to electric power in electrolysis process The greater the electric current is caused by the wider of anode surface area to flow the current. Furthermore, the wider the surface area will make several zones in anode, electrolysis zone and plasma electrolysis zone. Because of the existence of electrolysis zone, the electric current becomes high. This zone can be minimalized by narrowing the surface area where the plasma formed (anode). In the research conducted by Sengupta (1994), it was stated that in lower and smaller electrode, the current density would be greater. It will increase the amount of heat energy (Joule Heating Effect) and will produce more vapor sheath in electrode surface area. The vapor formed will cover the anode and the electron excitation due to the potential difference will cause the formation of plasma. The existence of plasma will cause the electric current become lower and fluctuating [12]. 0.023 0.041 0.185 0.10 0.20 0.04 0.30 0.40 0.50 "Electrolysis" 0.03 0.06 0.14 0.19 "Plasma Electrolysis in One Compartment" 0.67 1.02 1.69 2.50 4.62 "Plasma Electrolysis in Two Compartments" 0.16 0.86 3.54 6.24 11.25 268 012 Anode Depth (cm) Fig. 6. Effect of anode depth to chlorine production in electrolysis process Besides influencing the electric current, anode depth in the solution also affects the chlorine gas produced shown in Fig. 6. The test is conducted by measuring the chlorine dissolved into KI solution for 5 minutes. From the test is resulted that the deeper the anode, the amount of chlorine gas produced is increase to. For anode on the surface of the solution, chlorine production is 0.023 mmol. Furthermore, for 1 cm and 2 cm depth, chlorine productions are 0.041 mmol and 0.185 mmol respectively as shown in Fig. 5. The depth will influence in vapor sheath production in anode surface. The wider the anode covered by vapor sheath, so the plasma formed will be Chlorine Gas (mmol) Chlorine Gas Production (mmol) Electric Power (W)PDF Image | Plasma Electrolysis of Chloralkali Production
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